英文学术写作

「The Most Common Habits from more than 200 English Papers written by Graduate Chinese Engineering Students」阅读总结介绍了从中国作家的一百多篇英语技术论文中观察到的一些最常见的汉英习惯。

错误点

1. a,an,the 的使用
   

   Incorrect Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main and splitter blades.1
   Correct Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of themain and splitter blades.
   
   Incorrect The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.
   Correct The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool; it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.

2. 使用巨长的句子

   Too long According to the characteristic of fan-coil air-conditioning systems, this paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the heat transfer theories and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Airside, which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.
   Correct This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristics of fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side. The new method can monitor individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the condition of inlet air – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning
   
   Too long According to the characteristic of fan-coil air-conditioning systems, this paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the heat transfer theories and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Airside, which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.
   Too long According to the characteristic of fan-coil air-conditioning systems, this paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the heat transfer theories and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling named Cooling Metering on the Airside, which can monitor the individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the parameters of inlet air condition – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning system as well as the parameters of inlet cooling water provided by the chiller.
   
   Correct This paper derives the cooling formula of fan-coil units based on the characteristics of fan-coil air-conditioning systems and heat transfer theories, and puts forward a new method to gauge cooling called Cooling Metering on the Air-side. The new method can monitor individual air-conditioning cooling consumption during a period of time by detecting the condition of inlet air – temperature and humidity – of the fan-coil air-conditioning
   Clear • Case clearance height 6.15 meters
   	  • Roof thickness 0.85 meters
   	  • Bottom thickness 0.90 meters
   	  • Overall width 26.6 meters
   	  • Overall length of the axial cord 304.5 meters
   	  • Length of the jacking section 148.8 meters (approx.)
   	  • Weight of the case 24127 tons (approx.)

3. 首先陈述目的、定位或原因来呈现句子的主要思想，应该放到后面

   Incorrect For the application in automobile interiors, this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing.
   Correct This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.
   
   Incorrect Inside the test box, the space was filled with asbestos.
   Correct The space inside the test box was filled with asbestos.

4. 将表示时间的短语放在句首

   Incorrect When U is taken as the control parameter, the BDs for ∆ =0.0, 0.001, 0.005 are shown in Fig. 8. 
   Correct Figure 8 shows the BDs for ∆ =0.0, 0.001, and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.

5. 将最重要的主题放在句子开头

   Incorrect Based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model, the extended STL format is described in this section.4 
   Correct The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.

6. Respectively 和 Respective
   “Respectively” 是一个用于说明两个或多个事物间相对关系的副词，通常用于列举清单中的各个成员与另一个清单的对应成员之间。例如，我们有两个列表 A 和 B，分别包含两个成员。我们可以这样使用”respectively”来解释它们的对应关系：
   “Alice and Bob are 25 and 30 years old, respectively.”
   在这个例子中，“respectively”表明”25”对应”Alice”，“30”对应”Bob”。

Incorrect Equations 2～6 can be respectively linearized as:......(equations given)...
Correct Equations 2～6 can be linearized as:......(equations given)..., respectively.

7. In this paper 和 In this study

• 这个一般用于 Introduction 和 Conclusion 中强调论文内容
• 在论文正文中，指文本中没有完成，其他论文完成时
• 因此每一页这两个短语不应该出现超过3次
• 这两个短语意义不同，studu 指作者完成的工作，paper 只是指这篇论文。也可以用 in this research 和 this paper present

8. 阿拉伯数字和方程

• 使用阿拉伯数字不是错误，但是永远不要出现在句子开头
• 阿拉伯数字应该用于技术论文中的数据，不应该用于给出一般信息

  Incorrect 12 parameters were selected for the experiment. 
  Correct Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.
  
  Incorrect All 3 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C. 
  Correct All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30°C.

9. such as 和 etc.

• such as 本身就表示不完整的list，所以不应该和 etc. 同时出现

  Incorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors , printers, and etc. 
  Correct Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors , and printers.

10. 有些单词，单复数相同
    • literature (when referring to research)
    • equipment
    • staff (referring to a group of people)
    • faculty

11. 避免重复使用
    

12. 某些词修饰的名词一定是复数
    

13. 不要用 by this way ，而是 by doing this 或者 using this method

14. 不要用 How to 来作为一句话的开头

    No How to find the optimal parameter is the main objective. 
    Yes Determining how to find the optimal parameter is the main objective.

15. Do write ‘the results are shown in Figure 2’. Do not write ‘the results are showed asFigure 2’.

16. Do not use ‘too’ at the end of a written sentence, especially in a technical paper